First Layer Problem Fdm
![(a) Build orientations [9], (b) layer thickness [9], and (c) FDM tool ...](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350960391/figure/fig3/AS:1025332652036096@1621469762128/a-Build-orientations-9-b-layer-thickness-9-and-c-FDM-tool-path-parameters_Q640.jpg "First Layer Problem Fdm")
![Principle of FDM process and output layers [22]. | Download Scientific ...](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380516815/figure/fig2/AS:11431281242473949@1715473249487/Principle-of-FDM-process-and-output-layers-22.jpg "First Layer Problem Fdm")
![Different defects of FDM [19-23]. | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tan-Yuanfu-3/publication/373116331/figure/fig1/AS:11431281181518209@1692068396372/Different-defects-of-FDM-19-23.png "First Layer Problem Fdm")
![(a) Schematic representation of a typical FDM setup, [18] (b) schematic ...](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365063826/figure/fig4/AS:11431281409979247@1745861102773/a-Inter-layer-and-intra-layer-bonding-in-FDM-b-stages-of-bond-formation-in-FDM_Q320.jpg "First Layer Problem Fdm")
![6 FDM processes [41] 6 illustrates the FDM process. A plastic filament ...](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327930461/figure/fig5/AS:675673718939650@1538104576512/FDM-processes-41-illustrates-the-FDM-process-A-plastic-filament-or-metal-wire-is.jpg "First Layer Problem Fdm")
![Principles of FDM processes [4] | Download Scientific Diagram](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sladan-Lovric/publication/325546204/figure/fig1/AS:633764170440706@1528112561239/Principles-of-FDM-processes-4_Q320.jpg "First Layer Problem Fdm")
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